The heart is a very important part of the body and is one of, if not the most important organ. Once a person's heart stops beating, he or she is technically dead. The heart is in charge of pumping and moving blood through the body. There are four chambers in the heart. The upper chamber has two parts (right and left artery), just like the lower chamber (left and right Ventricle). At the entrances to these chambers, there are valves that make sure blood can only flow in one direction. The valves open and close because of the cusps, which are a collection of tissues inside the valves.
The pulmonary valve, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, and mitral valve are the four valves that make up the heart.

When the heart's valves are broken, they need to be fixed or replaced. Heart Valve Repair or Replacement surgery is the name for the replacement or repair. When a valve in the heart gets damaged, it makes it harder for the heart to pump blood, and if the valve leaks, it can cause less blood to go in the right direction. Most of the time, the valves keep blood from leaking back to where it came from. The valve has three smooth prongs that open and close wide and tightly. When it's broken, it might leak or get too small. When the valve is leaking, blood that is pumped back to the ventricle instead of where it needs to go. When the valve is narrow, on the other hand, it limits how much blood can leave the ventricle. This is why it's hard for the heart to keep pumping blood at its normal rate, which can cause blood flow to get messed up.
After a while, faulty valves can cause the heart muscles to get bigger or weaker, depending on the problem. In extreme cases, the walls of the left ventricle can get thicker or thinner, which can also affect the right ventricle. This is what causes the heart to stop working.
Valve replacement is a medical procedure that fixes a broken valve by replacing it with a new one. The heart has to be stopped during heart valve replacement, which makes it a very delicate process. Valve replacement has become very common over the years thanks to technology. Technology has given us two options for replacing a heart valve. They are:

Artificial Heart Valves
Tissue valves
Artificial valves, which are also called mechanical valves, are made from a type of carbon called paracletic carbon. The good thing about paracletic carbon is that it is strong and will usually last a lifetime. The only bad thing about a mechanical valve is that patients have to take blood-thinning medicine every day. This medicine helps keep blood from clotting.
Tissue valves, also called biological valves, are made from animal tissue and are more like the valves that came with the heart. The good news is that patients don't have to take the drugs that keep blood from clotting. But the tissue valves don't last very long, so surgery to replace them may be needed in the future.

Also, the replacement procedure is a marvel of technology. The heart is stopped, and a heart-lung machine or cardiopulmonary bypass is used to keep pumping blood through the body. The heart-lung machine takes over the work of the heart and keeps it going. It is also amazing that the heart can come back to life and keep pumping with the new valves without any problems.